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The landscape of hemp and cannabis-derived products is continually evolving,
What Are Terpenes and Their Role in Nature?
Terpenes are natural, oily, and aromatic compounds produced by certain plants. They are made up of isoprene molecules and can be found in various plants such as lemons, peppers, rosemary, lavender, pine, and even cannabis.
Terpenes give these plants their characteristic smells and protect them from pests and infections while attracting pollinating insects.
You may come across the term “terpenoids” when reading about terpenes. While these words are often used interchangeably, they have slight differences. Terpenes are present in fresh, living plants, but when the plant parts are dried, they oxidize and become terpenoids.
Terpenoids have similar properties and effects as terpenes but have undergone the oxidation process.
Terpenes have a wide range of everyday uses and can be found in various industries and products. They are used in the chemical industry for creating different aromas, fragrances, solvents, and more. The food industry utilizes isolated terpenes as flavorings, stabilizers, and preservatives. Here are some examples of where terpenes can be found:
The compounds found in the hemp plant (Cannabis Sativa) are primarily composed of cannabinoids. Some of the most popular cannabinoids being CBD and THC.
The second largest group of compounds found in hemp is terpenes. Extracting terpenes is done using the same methods used for extracting cannabinoids. This can be done through a process called supercritical extraction, which involves using liquid carbon dioxide, or through ethanol extraction.
However, terpenes are more sensitive to certain effects. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully control the pressure and temperature during the process to prevent any damage to the terpene molecules.
During the production of broad-spectrum CBD oil, one of the above-mentioned methods is used to achieve the optimal levels of CBD and terpenes. Chromatographic procedures are then employed to completely remove THC from the raw hemp extract.
There are over a hundred different types of terpenes, many of which can be found in the cannabis plant.
Here are some examples of terpenes and terpenoids present in hemp:
According to some theories, terpenes have significant bioactive effects, meaning they can actively influence the functioning of the human body. Previous research has examined this aspect and investigated whether terpenes can have any impact on the immune system, sleep, appetite, and mood.
Myrcene is a terpene found in hops, while beta-caryophyllene is present in both black pepper and hemp.
Hops
This topic was discussed in a report published by Dr. Ethan Russo in the British Journal of Pharmacology in 2011.
In another study published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology, the participants, all of whom had epilepsy, were divided into two groups. One group received purified CBD, while the other group received a CBD extract containing terpenes.
At the end of the study while both groups saw improvements the group with the added terpenes saw a slightly better improvement, thus solidifying the idea that terpenes work well. 
The intention of this information article by USA Medical is to provide interested individuals with up-to-date information on CBD-related research.
USA Medical is dedicated to providing the best and most accurate information regarding the hemp space and we will keep you up to date as best we can. Feel free to reach out to our incredible support team for any questions you might have!
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Our products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Please consult with a healthcare professional before use.
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